Crude extract of Jatobá leaves promotes canine osteosarcoma cell D17 proliferation.

Background and Aim: New substances for neoplasm treatment have to be carefully studied to minimize adverse effects and prevent disease progression stimulation. Jatobá is a typical tree of the Cerrado and Caatinga biome, with antifungal, antimicrobial, larvicide, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties. This study aimed to investigate the action of the crude extract of Jatobá leaves (EBFJ) on canine osteosarcoma (CO) cells and analyze the expression of biomarkers in neoplasm progression. Materials and Methods: D17 cells were cultured and subjected to treatment with EBFJ at different concentrations (10 µg/mL; 100 µg/mL; 1000 µg/mL; 2000 µg/mL; and 5000 µg/mL) and exposure times (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). The tetrazolium reduction assay and the immunocytochemistry technique, with anti-Bcl2, anti-p53, and anti-Ki-67 antibodies, were used to observe the effect of the extract on cell proliferation. Results: Doses of 2000 µg and 5000 µg had cell viability of 300.80% and 361.84%, respectively. The extract did not show significant cytotoxicity of samples with the control group. The confluence of cells, the number of labeled cells, and the expression of Bcl2, Ki-67, and p53 were higher in the groups treated with EBFJ, with a statistical difference from the group without treatment. Conclusion: EBFJ was not cytotoxic and had a proliferative effect on CO D17 cells. The confluence of cells, the number of labeled cells, and the expression of Bcl2, Ki-67, and p53 were higher in the groups treated with the extract.

Análise evolutiva da morfologia e da irrigação do timo de javalis (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) / Evolutionary analysis of morphology and irrigation of the thymus of boar's (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)

Objetivou-se descrever comparativamente as artérias responsáveis pela irrigação dos lobos tímicos cervicais e torácicos dos javalis, determinando-se também as características morfológicas do referido órgão nessa espécie, a ponto de correlacioná-las evolutivamente com os demais representantes da família Suidae. Os lobos tímicos cervicais direito e esquerdo receberam ramos distribuídos pelas artérias carótidas comuns direita e esquerda e cervicais superficiais direita e esquerda e, por vezes, pelas artérias torácica externa esquerda e subclávia esquerda. Essa característica vascular foi mantida ao longo da evolução, estando presente em linhagens e raças mais recentes de suídeos. A irrigação dos lobos tímicos torácicos direito e esquerdo foi realizada predominantemente por ramos diretos e indiretos ipsilaterais e contralaterais das artérias torácicas internas direita e esquerda, e também por ramos da artéria subclávia esquerda. Ramos diretos das artérias cervicais superficiais direita e esquerda e ramos diretos da artéria torácica interna direita foram encontrados para o lobo tímico médio, sendo essa uma descrição única nessa espécie, o que demonstra uma característica evolutiva primitiva nesse ancestral.(AU)

The objective of this study was to comparatively describe the arteries responsible for the irrigation of the cervical and thoracic thymus lobes of Boars, also determining the morphological characteristics of this body in this species to the point of evolutionarily correlating them with other representatives of the Suidae family. The left and right cervical thymic lobes received branches distributed by common right and left, superficial right and left carotid arteries, and neck and, sometimes, the outer left chest and left subclavian arteries. This feature was vascular maintained throughout evolution and is present in more recent strains and breeds of swine. Irrigation of the right and left thoracic thymic lobes was performed predominantly by direct and indirect ipsilateral and contralateral branches of the right and left internal thoracic arteries and also by branches of the left subclavian artery. Direct branches of the right and left superficial cervical artery and right branches of the right internal thoracic artery were found for the average thymic lobe, this being a unique description in this species, demonstrating a primitive feature in this evolutionary ancestor.(AU)

Prognostic Value of Occult Isolated Tumour Cells within Regional Lymph Nodes of Dogs with Malignant Mammary Tumours.

Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common type of neoplasm in bitches. As in women, the presence of metastasis in regional lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor in bitches with mammary carcinomas, but the clinical significance of occult isolated tumour cells (ITCs) within lymph nodes is still undefined in this species. The effectiveness of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in identifying occult ITCs and micrometastasis (MIC) was compared with that of the conventional haematoxylin and eosin staining technique. The relationship between tumour size, histological type, histological grade and the presence of metastasis was evaluated. The overall survival (OS) of female dogs with occult mammary carcinomas and ITCs within lymph nodes was analysed. Fragments of mammary carcinoma and regional lymph nodes of 59 female dogs were also evaluated. Histological sections of mammary carcinoma and lymph node samples were studied for tumour diagnosis and lymph node samples were tested by IHC using a pan-cytokeratin antibody. It was found that 35.2% of occult ITCs and 2.8% of hidden MIC were detected when IHC was used. There was a good correlation between the size of the tumour and metastasis to the lymph nodes (P = 0.77). ITCs were observed more frequently in the medullary region (60.7%) and metastases in the cortical region (44.4%). There was no significant difference in the OS between female dogs with occult ITCs and lymph nodes without ITCs. IHC can detect occult tumour cells in lymph nodes that are negative by histopathological examination. Female dogs with nodal ITCs do not have lower survival.

Molecular detection and phylogenetic relationship of wild-type strains of canine distemper virus in symptomatic dogs from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais / Detecção molecular e relação filogenética de cepas selvagens do vírus da cinomose canina em cães sintomáticos oriundos de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais

This study investigated the occurrence of canine distemper virus (CDV) by evaluating the presence of viral RNA within urine samples of dogs from Uberlândia, MG, with clinical manifestations suggestive of infection by CDV by targeting the CDV N gene. Of the clinical samples collected ( n =33), CDV viruria was detected in 45.5%. Five dogs died spontaneously; all had characteristic CDV-associated histopathological alterations and demonstrated CDV viruria. Statistical analyses revealed that the age, gender, breed, or the organ system of the dog affected had no influence on the occurrence of canine distemper. Myoclonus and motor incoordination were the most significant neurological manifestations observed. A direct association was observed between keratoconjunctivitis and dogs with CDV viruria. These findings suggest that CDV viruria in symptomatic dogs might not be age related, and that symptomatic dogs can demonstrate clinical manifestations attributed to CDV without viruria identified by RT-PCR. Additionally, the results of the sequence identities analysed have suggested that all Brazilian wild-type strains of CDV currently identified are closely related and probably originated from the same lineage of CDV. Nevertheless, phylogenetic analyses suggest that there are different clusters of wild-type strains of CDV circulating within urban canine populations in Brazil.

A presença do ácido nucleico (RNA) do vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) foi avaliada por meio da amplificação parcial do gene N pela técnica RT-PCR realizada em urina de cães provenientes de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, que apresentavam sinais clínicos sugestivos de cinomose. Das 33 amostras de urina avaliadas, o CDV foi identificado em 45,5%. Em cinco cães que morreram espontaneamente, além da excreção do CDV na urina, foram observadas alterações histopatológicas associadas à infecção por esse vírus. Análises estatísticas demonstraram que a idade, gênero, raça e o sistema orgânico comprometido dos cães avaliados não exerceram influência no diagnóstico da cinomose canina. Mioclonia e incoordenação motora foram as manifestações neurológicas que apresentaram frequência de ocorrência significativa (P<0,05). Uma associação direta foi observada entre a presença de ceratoconjuntivite e a identificação de virúria pelo CDV. Esses achados sugerem que a excreção do CDV pela urina em cães com sinais clínicos compatíveis com cinomose pode não ser relacionada com a idade do animal, e que animais sintomáticos podem apresentar manifestações clínicas atribuídas ao CDV, porém sem a caracterização de virúria por RT-PCR. Adicionalmente, análises filogenéticas sugerem que várias cepas de CDV podem estar circulando em populações caninas de áreas urbanas no Brasil.